{"id":3234,"date":"2022-11-28T16:31:42","date_gmt":"2022-11-28T16:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/studies-guideline"},"modified":"2023-05-18T19:53:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T19:53:55","slug":"studies-guideline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/studies-guideline","title":{"rendered":"Studies &amp; Guideline"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-kxlxo-9b99405af63b1d958734b21f630c7d35 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-kxlxo-9b99405af63b1d958734b21f630c7d35__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2918 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2918\"  src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='Header Studien 1' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  style='min-height:180; min-width:628px; ' srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1-1030x295.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1-768x220.jpg 768w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1-705x202.jpg 705w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1-450x129.jpg 450w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Header-Studien-1-600x172.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id='after_full_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3234'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-793zw-2f27366c7ee96944007532512df9cde0\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-793zw-2f27366c7ee96944007532512df9cde0{\nheight:40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-793zw-2f27366c7ee96944007532512df9cde0 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column av-1v1hc4-54b604d0d2b6f1dd325ababbe91ad413 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lbjrvgiv-e55852530b56d460e92b627ee7be944b'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1><span style=\"color: #fc0000;\">Studies<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><strong>The significant and scientifically unequivocal clinical benefit of PaedER has already been demonstrated in two high-ranking clinical trials and has been published internationally (1,2). Both papers thus demonstrated that the use of the PaedER prevents life-threatening medication errors in pediatric emergencies.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Both papers are published &#8220;Open Access&#8221;, so they are accessible free of charge and barrier-free. The observed effect was a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prospective nationwide study (1); comparison without versus with ruler; ruler had to be used and participants knew about the study; reduction in serious medication errors across all medications by 90%, for epinephrine by 100%.<\/li>\n<li>Intervention study of the effect of PaedER as well as training on error rates over a 10-year period in Cologne (2); comparison before and after the interventions. Whether the ruler was used was left to emergency physicians; participants were unaware of the study; reduction in serious medication errors across all medications by 55%, for epinephrine by 78%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, epinephrine dosing with a power error of 10 is unlikely to be consistent with survival (3). Such an error corresponds to a dosage of 1,000% of the recommended dosage, and such errors occur regularly in pediatric emergencies (4). The only papers from real prehospital care of children (no simulation studies), found an average deviation with epinephrine administration of 808% (5) and 882%, respectively. It must therefore be assumed that children regularly die as a result of medication errors.<\/p>\n<p>The PaedER is the only tool internationally to date for which a reduction in such threatening and sometimes fatal errors in the real care of pediatric emergencies has been demonstrated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column av-1s143o-98a364f9f108eac7d421b101942f2125 av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lbjs3msr-b641a823243d13cbd8d6cacf02d733e0\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lbjs3msr-b641a823243d13cbd8d6cacf02d733e0 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lbjs3msr-b641a823243d13cbd8d6cacf02d733e0 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lbjs3msr-b641a823243d13cbd8d6cacf02d733e0 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2806 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2806 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfalltasche.jpeg\" alt='' title='Sanit\u00e4ter mit Spritze - paramedic with syringe'  height=\"537\" width=\"733\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfalltasche.jpeg 733w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfalltasche-600x440.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfalltasche-300x220.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfalltasche-705x516.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfalltasche-450x330.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-1jh11w-ee6349abe00982a5f0191107ea5b9f65 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_hr  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3234'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1e2l1w-e8a29c29eec7bdaf4c4741ea7d591dd3\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-1e2l1w-e8a29c29eec7bdaf4c4741ea7d591dd3{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#888888;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-1e2l1w-e8a29c29eec7bdaf4c4741ea7d591dd3 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-1e2l1w-e8a29c29eec7bdaf4c4741ea7d591dd3 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#888888;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-1e2l1w-e8a29c29eec7bdaf4c4741ea7d591dd3 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-1e2l1w-e8a29c29eec7bdaf4c4741ea7d591dd3 av-special-heading-h3 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-7  el_before_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Sources<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column av-177xf8-56a667260bd44095ef7fe9106624e26e av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_four_fifth  first flex_column_div '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-11kb6c-dbf2b6ddd5e0fd5f554a1e5c301b92e5\">\n.av_font_icon.av-11kb6c-dbf2b6ddd5e0fd5f554a1e5c301b92e5{\ncolor:#ffdd00;\nborder-color:#ffdd00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-11kb6c-dbf2b6ddd5e0fd5f554a1e5c301b92e5 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:160px;\nline-height:160px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-11kb6c-dbf2b6ddd5e0fd5f554a1e5c301b92e5 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-right avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue84b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/div><div class='flex_column av-ud78s-172c744793853cf60c3f38169eda6fbb av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lbjrw9gn-2a52017af0ebffa034aa2131f5745def'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Kaufmann J, Roth B, Engelhardt T et al. Development and Prospective Federal State-Wide Evaluation of a Device for Height-Based Dose Recommendations in Prehospital Pediatric Emergencies: A Simple Tool to Prevent Most Severe Drug Errors. Prehosp Emerg Care 2018; 22: 252-259, DOI: 10.1080\/10903127.2016.1248257.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\"> <a class=\"alignnone\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27925849\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-752\" src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-300x115.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-600x231.png 600w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-1030x396.png 1030w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-768x296.png 768w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-1536x591.png 1536w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-2048x788.png 2048w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-1500x577.png 1500w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-705x271.png 705w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-845x321.png 845w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-450x173.png 450w\" alt=\"\" width=\"50\" height=\"19\"><\/a>    <a class=\"alignnone\" href=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Kaufmann-2016-Prehospital-Emergency-Care.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-753\" src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download.png 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-120x120.png 120w\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Kaufmann J, Uhl S, Singer E et al. Improving Pediatric Drug Safety in Prehospital Emergency Care-10 Years on. J Patient Saf 2021; 17: e1241-e1246, DOI: 10.1097\/pts.00000000000915.<br \/>\n<a class=\"alignnone\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34570000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-752\" src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-300x115.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-600x231.png 600w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-1030x396.png 1030w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-768x296.png 768w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-1536x591.png 1536w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-2048x788.png 2048w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-1500x577.png 1500w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-705x271.png 705w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-845x321.png 845w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pubmed-450x173.png 450w\" alt=\"\" width=\"50\" height=\"19\"><\/a>    <a class=\"alignnone\" href=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/PDF-PS-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-753\" src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download.png 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pdf-Download-120x120.png 120w\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Perondi MB, Reis AG, Paiva EF et al. A comparison of high-dose and standard-dose epinephrine in children with cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1722-1730, DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa032440.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Kozer E, Scolnik D, Keays T et al. Large errors in the dosing of medications for children. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1175-1176, DOI: 10.1056\/NEJM200204113461518.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3234'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-p0tbg-36b74c80ef1f25085a087bbf79c3e27a\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-p0tbg-36b74c80ef1f25085a087bbf79c3e27a{\nheight:40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-p0tbg-36b74c80ef1f25085a087bbf79c3e27a hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_image  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lbjru1md-4ea652230ce25a11c9cb17d564f3184e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lbjru1md-4ea652230ce25a11c9cb17d564f3184e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lbjru1md-4ea652230ce25a11c9cb17d564f3184e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lbjru1md-4ea652230ce25a11c9cb17d564f3184e av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2782 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2782 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb.png\" alt='' title='CM Striche gelb'  height=\"110\" width=\"1190\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb.png 1190w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb-600x55.png 600w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb-300x28.png 300w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb-1030x95.png 1030w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb-768x71.png 768w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb-705x65.png 705w, https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CM-Striche-gelb-450x42.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1190px) 100vw, 1190px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mo5h8-2299d7c8dbb65979eb7965d9e46c51c3\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-mo5h8-2299d7c8dbb65979eb7965d9e46c51c3{\nheight:40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-mo5h8-2299d7c8dbb65979eb7965d9e46c51c3 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_two_fifth '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column av-9go70-72ee338c523d8c3056bd61fb5e87b2a7 av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_three_fifth  first flex_column_div '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9l0tw-6b52de2e8df8e92fa70e62129fb4889d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-9l0tw-6b52de2e8df8e92fa70e62129fb4889d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-9l0tw-6b52de2e8df8e92fa70e62129fb4889d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-9l0tw-6b52de2e8df8e92fa70e62129fb4889d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-16  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2840 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2840 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/paeder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Notfallbaer-845x667.jpg\" alt='' title='Little child at pediatrician reception listen'  height=\"667\" width=\"845\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column av-hjdh0-d1f3dffc05c72b1a457f7c89af456385 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lbjrx8zx-42251aadf2b9932d77bef7b99e1e1552'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1><span style=\"color: #fc0000;\">Guidelines<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><strong>All recommendations on the ruler correspond to the current state of medical knowledge from relevant literature and coincide with the corresponding international guidelines published by the &#8220;European Resuscitation Council &#8211; ERC&#8221; (5,6).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medical content compliance was formally confirmed by the ERC (&#8220;Copyright European Resuscitation Council &#8211; www.erc.edu &#8211; 2022_NGL_007&#8221;). This also applies to recommendations on drugs that are not approved for named applications, routes of administration, dosages or patient groups. A group of experts from 15 professional societies and associations, led by the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), made the following verbatim recommendations in an S2k guideline on &#8220;OFF-label use&#8221; formally coordinated by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) (7):<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;For prehospital and in-hospital treatment of pediatric emergencies, treatment decisions should be based on scientific evidence and experience, and not solely on the basis of approval status. Off-label use is not improper, illegal, or contraindicated, but may represent the best possible therapy.&#8221; A blanket rejection of off-label use puts children at risk and makes appropriate treatment impossible.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Both of the aforementioned guidelines, the international ERC guideline (5) on emergency care of children and the German AWMF guideline on medication safety in pediatric emergencies (7) explicitly recommend the use of the principle underlying the ruler for length-based best method of weight estimation of children (8) <u>and<\/u> for dose finding. The underestimation of weight by the ruler in obese children (it estimates normal weight) is even desirable to avoid overdoses. All the above statements are confirmed by the guidelines. Quoted verbatim from it:<\/p>\n<p>AWMF guideline &#8220;Medication safety in pediatric emergencies.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;The dose to be administered by weight should be taken using a supportive system (e.g., chart, rulers).&#8221;  <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;The administration of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range or can cause great harm if dosed incorrectly (e.g., epinephrine, analgesics) should NOT be done without prior review by a supportive system (e.g., chart, rulers).&#8221;  <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Length-based weight estimation systems with dose recommendation should be preferred, especially prehospital.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Drugs with low volume of distribution and low therapeutic breadth should be dosed at normal weight in cases of significant obesity.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Length-based systems have also been shown to be superior to age-based formulas for estimating the appropriate size of an endotracheal tube (breathing tube) (9). The PedNFL uses what has been demonstrated to be the most reliable method with the Eck multivariate formula [(2.44 + (age x 0.1) + (height x 0.02) + (weight x 0.016); (10)], which is too complex to be feasible by its own calculation in emergencies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-yj3uk-02f5595be5d6e33dffe13338564c492b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3234'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-t6kis-2637efc2a75d0eee18c8ba46b99a50cb\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-t6kis-2637efc2a75d0eee18c8ba46b99a50cb{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#888888;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-t6kis-2637efc2a75d0eee18c8ba46b99a50cb .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-t6kis-2637efc2a75d0eee18c8ba46b99a50cb .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#888888;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-t6kis-2637efc2a75d0eee18c8ba46b99a50cb .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-t6kis-2637efc2a75d0eee18c8ba46b99a50cb av-special-heading-h3 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Sources<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column av-muh3o-283e081b5ba916f41010d9467ac0c795 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_four_fifth  first flex_column_div '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fkjbg-26057f8e0396f970a19336e73d256d63\">\n.av_font_icon.av-fkjbg-26057f8e0396f970a19336e73d256d63{\ncolor:#ffdd00;\nborder-color:#ffdd00;\n}\n.av_font_icon.av-fkjbg-26057f8e0396f970a19336e73d256d63 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:160px;\nline-height:160px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-fkjbg-26057f8e0396f970a19336e73d256d63 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-right avia-icon-animate'><span class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue84b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><\/span><\/div><div class='flex_column av-92kh8-dbeac6938dbae1b0dcc9d3d87ee5bc50 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lbjrz93u-2abde610a8a691c92721e53ae6706cfd'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">5. ERC -Guidelines on advanced emergency procedures in children was published at: Van de Voorde P, Turner NM, Djakow J et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support. Resuscitation 2021; 161: 327-387, DOI: 10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">6 A German version of the recommendations is available on the homepage of the German Resuscitation Council (GRC; (<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.grc-org.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">https:\/\/www.grc-org.de<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>) is available.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">7. the S2k guideline on medication safety In pediatric emergencies would be published at: Kaufmann J, Rascher W, Neubert A et al. S2k guideline 027\/071: &#8220;Medication safety in pediatric emergencies&#8221; AWMF 2021:<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> <a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/027-071.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/027-071.html<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">8. Wells M, Goldstein LN, Bentley A. The accuracy of emergency weight estimation systems in children-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Emerg Med 2017; 10: 29, DOI: 10.1186\/s12245-017-0156-5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">9 Hofer CK, Ganter M, Tucci M et al. How reliable is length-based determination of body weight and tracheal tube size in the paediatric age group? The Broselow tape reconsidered. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88: 283-285, DOI: 10.1093\/bja\/88.2.283.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">10. von Rettberg M, Thil E, Genzwurker H et al. [Endotracheal tubes in pediatric patients. Published formulas to estimate the optimal size]. Anaesthesist 2011; 60: 334-342, DOI: 10.1007\/s00101-010-1756-0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_2'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3234'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3234","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3234"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3398,"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3234\/revisions\/3398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/paeder.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}